Japanese Business Glossary

証券化 (shokenka) refers to "securitization" in English. It is a financial process in which various types of assets, such as loans, receivables, or other cash-flow generating financial assets, are pooled together and repackaged into interest-bearing securities. These securities are then sold to investors. Securitization helps to distribute risk, increase liquidity, and provide funding for the originating institutions. It is commonly used in the context of mortgages, credit card receivables, auto loans, and other types of financial assets.

ドル建て (dorudate) refers to transactions or financial instruments that are denominated in US dollars. In the context of business and finance in Japan, this means that the value of the transaction, investment, or financial product is expressed in US dollars rather than Japanese yen or any other currency.

For example, if a Japanese company issues bonds that are denominated in US dollars, these bonds are referred to as ドル建て債券 (dorudate saiken), meaning dollar-denominated bonds. This is common in international trade and finance, where businesses may prefer to use a stable and widely accepted currency like the US dollar.

未収入金 (mishunyukin) refers to "accounts receivable" or "uncollected income" in Japanese. It represents money that a business has earned from sales or services but has not yet received from customers or clients.

In accounting, mishunyukin is recorded as an asset on the balance sheet because it is expected to be collected in the future. Managing accounts receivable is crucial for maintaining cash flow and ensuring the financial stability of a business.

確認 (kakunin) means "confirmation" or "verification" in Japanese. It is commonly used in various contexts to indicate the act of checking, confirming, or verifying information or details.

For example, in a business setting, kakunin might refer to confirming the details of a contract, verifying the receipt of goods, or checking the accuracy of financial statements. It emphasizes ensuring that all information is correct and agreed upon by all parties involved.

療育手帳 (ryouiku techou) is a type of identification booklet issued in Japan for individuals with intellectual disabilities. The purpose of this booklet is to certify the individual's disability and to facilitate access to various support services, welfare benefits, and special programs designed to assist them and their families.

The ryouiku techou contains important information such as the degree of disability, the holder's personal details, and the issuing authority. It helps in ensuring that individuals with intellectual disabilities receive appropriate care, education, and support throughout their lives.

起算日 (kisanbi) refers to the "starting date" or "commencement date" in Japanese. This term is commonly used in legal, financial, and business contexts to indicate the date from which a particular period or term begins.

For example, in a contract, the kisanbi would be the date from which the contract's terms and conditions take effect. Similarly, in calculating deadlines or the duration of certain obligations, the kisanbi is the reference point from which the time period is measured.