Japanese Business Glossary

資本金 (shihonkin) refers to "capital stock" or "share capital" in English. It represents the total amount of money that shareholders have invested in a company by purchasing shares. This capital is used to fund the company's operations, growth, and development. In a company's balance sheet, shihonkin is recorded as part of the shareholders' equity and indicates the financial foundation upon which the company is built. It is a crucial component in determining the financial health and stability of a business.

審査 (shinsa) refers to "examination," "screening," "review," or "assessment" in English. It involves a thorough evaluation or inspection of something to determine its quality, validity, compliance, or suitability based on specific criteria or standards. This term is commonly used in various contexts, such as loan applications, job candidate evaluations, quality control processes, and academic admissions, where a detailed and careful review is necessary to make informed decisions.

損料 (sonryo) refers to "rental fee" or "hire charge" in English. It is the fee paid for renting or hiring an object, equipment, or property. This term is commonly used in contexts where a payment is made for the temporary use of something that belongs to another person or entity. For example, it could refer to the cost of renting machinery, vehicles, or real estate.

出資 (shusshi) refers to "investment" or "capital contribution" in English. It is the act of providing funds or capital to a business or project with the expectation of receiving returns, such as profits or dividends. This term is commonly used in the context of business and finance, where individuals or entities invest money to support the growth and operations of a company, often acquiring ownership stakes or shares in return.

従事 (juji) means "engagement" or "involvement" in English. It refers to being actively involved or engaged in a particular occupation, activity, or field. This term is often used to describe someone's professional work or participation in specific tasks or industries. For example, if someone is juji in medical research, it means they are actively working in the field of medical research.

歯列矯正 (shiretsu kyosei) refers to "orthodontics" or "dental braces" in English. It is the field of dentistry that involves the correction and alignment of teeth and jaws that are positioned improperly. Orthodontic treatments typically include the use of braces, aligners, or other dental appliances to straighten teeth, correct bite issues, and improve overall dental health and appearance.