Japanese Business Glossary

事業譲渡 (jigyo joto) refers to the transfer of a business or business assets from one entity to another in Japan. This process involves the sale or transfer of tangible and intangible assets, such as equipment, inventory, customer lists, trademarks, and other intellectual property. Unlike a share transfer, where ownership of the company changes hands, a business transfer focuses on specific business assets and operations while the original legal entity remains intact.

The transfer can be conducted in whole or in part, depending on the agreement between the parties involved. It is commonly used in business succession planning, restructuring, or when a company seeks to divest certain operations. The process requires careful consideration of legal, financial, and tax implications, ensuring that all liabilities and obligations are clearly defined and managed.

履行 (riko) in Japanese legal and business contexts refers to the fulfillment or performance of obligations stipulated in a contract or agreement. It involves carrying out the duties, responsibilities, or terms that have been agreed upon between parties. This can include delivering goods, providing services, making payments, or any other specific actions required by the contract.

Riko ensures that the contractual commitments are met as promised, maintaining trust and integrity in business relationships. Failure to perform these obligations can lead to legal consequences, such as claims for damages or enforcement actions. Therefore, riko is a fundamental concept in contract law, emphasizing the importance of honoring agreements and maintaining accountability in business transactions.

代償 (daisho) refers to compensation or consideration provided in exchange for something else in Japanese legal and business contexts. It is a key concept in contracts and transactions, where one party offers something of value in return for receiving goods, services, or other benefits from another party. This compensation can be monetary or in the form of other assets, rights, or services.

The concept of daisho ensures that there is a fair and equitable exchange, balancing the interests of both parties involved. It underscores the principle of reciprocity in business dealings, where each party benefits appropriately from the transaction. Understanding and agreeing upon daisho is crucial for the validity and enforceability of contracts, as it reflects the mutual consent and consideration necessary for a binding agreement.

委任 (inin) refers to delegation or entrustment in Japanese legal and business contexts. It involves one party (the principal) appointing another party (the agent) to perform specific tasks or represent them in certain matters. This delegation of authority can cover various activities, such as managing business operations, handling legal affairs, or conducting transactions on behalf of the principal.

The relationship between the principal and the agent is based on trust and agreement, with the agent acting in the best interest of the principal while carrying out the assigned duties. The scope and limits of the agent's authority are typically defined in a written agreement or contract, outlining the responsibilities and expectations of both parties. Understanding and properly managing inin is crucial for ensuring effective delegation, maintaining accountability, and achieving desired outcomes in business and legal operations.

保険金 (Hokenkin) refers to insurance money or benefits paid out by an insurance company to a policyholder or beneficiary. This payment is made under the terms of an insurance policy when a specified event, such as an accident, illness, death, or property damage, occurs. The purpose of hokenkin is to provide financial protection and support to individuals or businesses, helping them to recover from losses or unforeseen circumstances.

The amount and conditions of the insurance payout are determined by the policy agreement, which outlines the coverage details, premium payments, and claim procedures. Receiving hokenkin typically requires the policyholder to file a claim and provide necessary documentation to prove the occurrence and extent of the covered event. This concept is fundamental in risk management, offering peace of mind and financial stability by mitigating the impact of adverse events.

葉巻 (Hamaki) is the Japanese term for a cigar. A cigar is a tightly rolled bundle of dried and fermented tobacco leaves designed for smoking. Unlike cigarettes, cigars are larger and often hand-rolled, offering a more complex and richer flavor profile. They are typically enjoyed slowly, allowing the smoker to savor the intricate flavors and aromas that develop during the aging and fermentation process of the tobacco leaves.

Hamaki can vary in size, shape, and strength, with different types of tobacco blends contributing to a wide range of tastes and experiences. The culture of cigar smoking often includes rituals and social aspects, such as selecting, cutting, and lighting the cigar, as well as pairing it with beverages like whiskey or coffee. In Japan, as in other parts of the world, Hamaki is appreciated for its craftsmanship and the leisurely experience it provides.