Japanese Business Glossary

反証 (hansho) is a Japanese term that translates to "counterevidence" or "rebuttal" in English. It refers to evidence or arguments presented to refute or contradict a claim, assertion, or hypothesis. This concept is often used in legal, scientific, and academic contexts where opposing evidence is introduced to challenge the validity or accuracy of previously presented evidence or statements.

In a legal context, hansho involves presenting evidence or arguments that counter the claims made by the opposing party. This can help to disprove allegations, weaken the opposing party's case, or establish reasonable doubt.

In scientific and academic contexts, hansho is used to challenge existing theories or findings. Researchers may present counterevidence to question the validity of a study's results, encouraging further investigation and debate.

ラップ口座 (rappu koza) is a Japanese term that translates to "wrap account" in English. It is a type of investment account offered by financial institutions where a single fee, typically a percentage of the assets under management, covers all administrative, management, and transaction costs. This all-inclusive fee structure simplifies the investment process for clients, making it easier to manage and understand their investment costs.

Wrap accounts are designed to provide comprehensive investment services, including portfolio management, financial advice, and regular reporting. The financial advisor or institution managing the wrap account typically has the discretion to make investment decisions on behalf of the client, based on the client's investment goals and risk tolerance.

This type of account is popular among investors who prefer a hands-off approach to managing their investments, as it offers professional management and a clear, straightforward fee structure. The goal is to align the interests of the advisor and the client by focusing on the overall performance and growth of the client's portfolio.

会社役員 (kaisha yakuin) is a Japanese term that translates to "company officer" or "corporate executive" in English. It refers to individuals who hold executive or managerial positions within a company and are responsible for its administration and decision-making. These roles typically include positions such as directors, board members, executive officers, and other high-ranking officials.

Company officers play a crucial role in setting the strategic direction of the company, overseeing its operations, and ensuring that it meets its goals and complies with legal and regulatory requirements. They are often involved in making significant business decisions, managing resources, and representing the company in external dealings.

In summary, kaisha yakuin refers to the key leadership and management personnel within a company who are entrusted with its governance and operational oversight.

報酬 (hoshu) is a Japanese term that translates to "remuneration," "compensation," or "reward" in English. It refers to the payment or reward given to someone in exchange for their services, work, or effort. This can include salaries, wages, bonuses, fees, or any other form of financial compensation.

Hoshu is commonly used in employment and business contexts to describe the earnings an individual receives for their labor or contributions. It can also be used more broadly to refer to any form of reward or payment given in recognition of effort, performance, or service. The term emphasizes the concept of providing a tangible reward for work done or services rendered.

額 (gaku) is a Japanese term that generally translates to "amount" or "frame" in English, depending on the context.

When used to mean "amount," gaku refers to a quantity of money, a numerical value, or a sum. It is often used in financial contexts to specify the amount of money involved in transactions, budgets, salaries, or costs.

When used to mean "frame," gaku refers to the frame around a picture, photograph, or piece of artwork. It can also refer to the framed object itself, such as a framed painting or a photograph.

The specific meaning of gaku depends on the context in which it is used, highlighting either a monetary value or an object used to display and protect visual art or photographs.

医療法人 (iryo hojin) is a Japanese term that translates to "medical corporation" or "medical juridical person" in English. It refers to a type of legal entity in Japan that is established to operate medical institutions, such as hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities.

Iryo hojin is designed to provide medical services to the public and is governed by specific regulations under Japanese law. The purpose of establishing a medical corporation includes improving the management and financial stability of medical institutions, facilitating the provision of high-quality medical care, and ensuring compliance with health and safety standards.

A medical corporation can own and manage multiple healthcare facilities and is often structured to enable better resource allocation, professional management, and enhanced medical services. The establishment of an iryo hojin requires approval from the relevant health authorities and must meet certain criteria, including qualifications of the medical professionals involved and adherence to healthcare regulations.