Japanese Business Glossary

自動車重量税 (jidosha jūryozei) refers to the automobile weight tax in Japan. This tax is levied on vehicles based on their weight and is typically collected during the vehicle inspection process, known as "shaken." The purpose of the automobile weight tax is to contribute to the maintenance and improvement of road infrastructure, as heavier vehicles cause more wear and tear on the roads.

The amount of the tax varies depending on the type and weight of the vehicle, with heavier vehicles generally subject to higher taxes. This tax is paid regularly, usually every two years during the mandatory vehicle inspection. Paying the vehichle weight tax is a legal requirement for vehicle owners in Japan, and failure to do so can result in penalties or the inability to renew the vehicle's registration.

預貯金 (yochokin) refers to deposits and savings held in financial institutions such as banks and credit unions. This term encompasses both ordinary deposits, which can be easily accessed and withdrawn, and time deposits, which are held for a fixed period and typically offer higher interest rates.

Yochokin is a fundamental aspect of personal and business finance in Japan, providing a safe place to store money while earning interest. These funds can be used for various purposes, including daily expenses, emergencies, and long-term financial planning. Maintaining yochokin helps ensure financial stability and liquidity, allowing individuals and businesses to manage their finances effectively and plan for future needs.

マイナポータル (Maina Potaru) refers to "MyNa Portal" short for "My Number Portal," an online service platform provided by the Japanese government. This portal allows residents to access various administrative services and personal information securely and conveniently.

Through MyNa Portal, users can view and manage their social security and tax information, check their pension records, apply for government services, and receive notifications about important updates. The platform is part of the broader My Number system, which assigns a unique identification number to each resident for more efficient and streamlined public administration.

Using the My Number Portal helps individuals stay informed about their entitlements and obligations, facilitates easier interaction with government agencies, and supports transparent and efficient public service delivery.

国税 (kokuzei) refers to national taxes in Japan, which are levied by the central government. These taxes are distinct from local taxes, which are imposed by prefectural and municipal governments. National taxes include income tax, corporate tax, consumption tax, inheritance tax, and gift tax, among others.

The revenue from kokuzei is used to fund various national programs and services, such as public infrastructure, education, defense, and social security. The collection and administration of national taxes are managed by the National Tax Agency (NTA) of Japan, which ensures compliance with tax laws and regulations.

Understanding and fulfilling kokuzei obligations is crucial for individuals and businesses operating in Japan, as it supports the country's economic stability and development.

接待交際費 (settai kosaihi) refers to entertainment and social expenses incurred in the course of business activities in Japan. These expenses are typically related to entertaining clients, customers, or business partners to strengthen business relationships and foster goodwill.

Examples of settai kosaihi include costs for meals, drinks, event tickets, and other hospitality activities. While these expenses can be substantial, they are often considered necessary for maintaining and developing business connections.

In accounting and tax contexts, settai kosaihi may be partially or fully deductible, subject to certain limits and conditions set by tax regulations. Proper documentation and justification of these expenses are important to ensure compliance with tax laws and to take advantage of any allowable deductions.

税務調査 (zeimu chosa) refers to a tax audit or tax investigation conducted by tax authorities to ensure compliance with tax laws and regulations. During a zeimu chosa, tax officials examine a taxpayer's financial records, accounts, and other relevant documents to verify the accuracy of reported income, deductions, and tax payments.

The purpose of zeimu chosa is to identify any discrepancies, errors, or potential tax evasion. It can involve reviewing business transactions, invoices, receipts, and bank statements. Tax audits can be routine or triggered by specific red flags or anomalies in tax filings.

Undergoing a tax audit in Japan can be a detailed and thorough process, requiring cooperation and transparency from the taxpayer. Proper documentation and adherence to tax laws are essential to ensure a smooth audit process and to avoid penalties or additional tax liabilities.