Japanese Business Glossary

支払調書 (shiharai chosho) refers to a payment report or payment statement in Japan. This document is issued by a business or payer to report various payments made to individuals or other businesses over a fiscal year. The shiharai chosho is submitted to the tax authorities and is also provided to the recipients of the payments for their tax reporting purposes.

The shiharai chosho includes details such as the recipient's name, address, tax identification number, the amount paid, and the type of payment (e.g., salary, contractor fees, royalties, interest). This document is essential for ensuring transparency and compliance with tax regulations, as it helps both the payer and the recipient accurately report their income to the tax authorities.

For businesses, issuing a payment statement is part of their annual tax reporting obligations. They must compile and submit these statements to the tax office by a specified deadline, usually at the end of January for payments made in the previous calendar year. The information provided in the shiharai chosho assists the tax authorities in cross-checking income declarations and verifying that all taxable income is properly reported.

For recipients, receiving a shiharai chosho allows them to understand the payments they received and to report their income correctly on their tax returns. It serves as a record of income that can be used to claim deductions, credits, and to ensure accurate tax filing.

控除証明書 (kojo shomeisho) refers to a tax deduction certificate in Japan. This document serves as official proof that an individual is eligible for certain tax deductions. It is typically issued by institutions such as insurance companies, employers, or other relevant organizations and is used to substantiate claims for deductions when filing income tax returns.

Examples of kojo shomeisho include certificates for life insurance premiums, medical expenses, social insurance contributions, mortgage interest payments, and donations to approved charities. Each certificate provides detailed information about the amount paid and the period covered, which helps taxpayers accurately report their eligible deductions.

Having a kojo shomeisho is essential for reducing taxable income and lowering the overall tax burden. When filing tax returns, taxpayers must attach these certificates to demonstrate their eligibility for deductions. Proper management and retention of these certificates ensure compliance with tax regulations and maximize potential tax savings.

Accurate documentation and timely submission of kojo shomeisho are crucial for a smooth tax filing process and for avoiding issues with tax authorities.

耐用年数 (taiyou nensuu) refers to the useful life or service life of an asset in Japan. This term is used in accounting and taxation to indicate the period over which a fixed asset, such as machinery, equipment, or buildings, is expected to be economically productive and usable. The taiyou nensuu determines the depreciation schedule for the asset, affecting how its cost is allocated over time in financial statements. Properly estimating the taiyou nensuu is crucial for accurate financial reporting and tax calculations. It ensures that the asset's value is appropriately matched with the revenue it generates, providing a realistic view of a company's financial health and operational efficiency. Understanding and applying taiyou nensuu helps businesses comply with accounting standards and tax regulations, while also aiding in strategic planning for asset replacement and investment.

給与収入見積額 (kyūyo shūnyū mitsumori gaku) refers to the estimated amount of income from salaries or wages. This figure is typically used when calculating expected earnings for budgeting, tax purposes, or financial planning. It represents a projection of how much income an individual anticipates receiving from their employment over a specific period, usually a year. Estimating salary income is crucial for understanding one's financial position and making informed decisions regarding expenses, savings, and investments.

課税所得 (kazei shotoku) refers to taxable income. This is the portion of an individual's or a company's income that is subject to taxation by the government. Taxable income is calculated by taking the total gross income and then subtracting allowable deductions, exemptions, and other adjustments as prescribed by tax laws. The resulting amount is what is used to determine the amount of taxes owed. Understanding and accurately calculating taxable income is essential for complying with tax regulations and ensuring that the correct amount of tax is paid.

重量税 (jūryozei) refers to the weight tax in Japan. This tax is imposed on vehicles based on their weight and is typically paid during the vehicle inspection process, known as "shaken." The purpose of the weight tax is to maintain and improve the road infrastructure, as heavier vehicles cause more wear and tear on the roads. The amount of the tax varies depending on the type and weight of the vehicle. Regular payment of the weight tax is mandatory for vehicle owners in Japan, and failure to pay can result in penalties or inability to renew the vehicle's registration.